Σε ολόκληρη τη Βικτώρια, 100.000 άνθρωποι έχουν άνοια – και ο αριθμός αυτός προβλέπεται σχεδόν να διπλασιαστεί τα επόμενα 20 χρόνια.

Τα κρατικά γηροκομεία διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην στήριξη ατόμων που:

• έχουν πολύπλοκες ανάγκες στήριξης
• βιώνουν κοινωνικοοικονομικά μειονεκτήματα
• κατοικούν σε μέρη όπου δεν υπάρχουν άλλες εναλλακτικές λύσεις.

Αυτές οι υπηρεσίες στοχεύουν στην προώθηση της ανεξαρτησίας, επιλογής και αξιοπρέπειας των οικότροφων για να στηρίξουν την υγεία, την ευεξία και την ποιότητα της ζωής τους.

Τα άτομα με άνοια αντιπροσωπεύουν το 52 τοις εκατό των οικότροφων σε όλα τα γηροκομεία. Ο αριθμός αυτός είναι ακόμη υψηλότερος στα κρατικά γηροκομεία.

Τα φιλικά στους την άνοια περιβάλλοντα έχουν σχεδιαστεί για να μεγιστοποιήσουν την ανεξαρτησία και τη συμμετοχή των ανθρώπων δημιουργώντας ένα υποστηρικτικό, οικείο, ουσιαστικό και ασφαλές περιβάλλον.

Ο φιλικός στους την άνοια κτηριακός σχεδιασμός στηρίζει άτομα που έχουν μειωμένη κινητικότητα, αισθητηριακές απώλειες και μεγάλη ποικιλία σύνθετων παθήσεων.

Ο σχεδιασμός λαμβάνει προσεκτικά υπόψη τόσο το φυσικό όσο και το κοινωνικό περιβάλλον. Εξετάζει στους μοναδικές δυνατότητες και ικανότητες των ανθρώπων και το πώς διατηρούν τα συναισθήματα που προσδίδουν νόημα στη ζωή στους μέσω της οικειότητας και της σύνδεσης.

Το σπιτικό περιβάλλον είναι το κλειδί για τον φιλικό προς την άνοια κτηριακό σχεδιασμό. Αυτά τα περιβάλλοντα προσφέρουν επιλογές και ανεξαρτησία με εξοικείωση και άνεση.

Όταν κατασκευάζεται ένα γηροκομείο, οι στρατηγικές σχεδιασμού για τη δημιουργία ενός οικιακού περιβάλλοντος περιλαμβάνουν:

• ένα μικρό σπιτικό μοντέλο
• ιδιωτικά υπνοδωμάτια που μπορούν να εξατομικευτούν
• εύκολη πρόσβαση προς τους εξωτερικούς χώρους
• μια μεγάλη ποικιλία κοινόχρηστων χώρων.

Ο Richard Blight είναι διευθυντής στο Blight, Blight and Blight – του αρχιτεκτονικού γραφείου που σχεδίασε το φιλικό προς την άνοια Γηροκομείο Creswick αξίας $3,2 εκατομμυρίων. Ο Richard εξηγεί τον τρόπο που η ομάδα του συνεργάζεται με τους οικότροφους για να προσδιορίσει τι σημαίνει το γηροκομείο γι' αυτούς.

Μικρό σπιτικό μοντέλο

Το τελειωμένο γηροκομείο του νοσοκομείου St George’s Hospital (Berengarra) αξίας $55,57 εκατομμυρίων αποτελείται από 90 κλίνες σε δύο ξεχωριστά τριώροφα οικήματα, με δίρριχτες στέγες και πλινθοδομή για μια σπιτική αίσθηση. Ο κάθε όροφος χωρίζεται σε μικρά νοικοκυριά, δημιουργώντας ένα οικείο περιβάλλον που είναι πιο εύκολο στη μετακίνηση. Οι βασικές εγκαταστάσεις, όπως τραπεζαρία και χώροι σαλονιού βρίσκονται κοντά – βοηθώντας όσους δεν μπορούν να μετακινηθούν για μεγάλες αποστάσεις λόγω αδυναμίας.

Ιδιωτικά υπνοδωμάτια

Τα ατομικά υπνοδωμάτια με ιδιωτικό μπάνιο παρέχουν αξιοπρέπεια και ανεξαρτησία στους οικότροφους του γηροκομείου. Η ανακατασκευή του Edenhope and District Memorial Hospital αξίας $6,3 εκατομμυρίων περιλάμβανε την κατασκευή 18 ιδιωτικών δωματίων με μπάνιο. Αυτό αντικατέστησε τα υφιστάμενα κοινόχρηστα δωμάτια, δίνοντας στους οικότροφους προσωπικό χώρο. 

Εύκολη πρόσβαση προς τους εξωτερικούς χώρους

Η εύκολη πρόσβαση στους εξωτερικούς χώρους είναι σημαντική στη δημιουργία στους σπιτικού περιβάλλοντος. Αυτοί οι χώροι πρέπει να είναι φιλόξενοι, ελκυστικοί και ασφαλείς.

Στο φιλικό στους την άνοια Γηροκομείο Creswick, τα δωμάτια είναι συγκεντρωμένα γύρω από μια κεντρική αυλή που μπορούν να αποκλειστούν από την υπόλοιπη εγκατάσταση. Αυτό επιτρέπει στους οικότροφους να μετακινούνται ελεύθερα και με ασφάλεια. Δύο υπαίθριοι καθιστικοί χώροι προτρέπουν στους οικότροφους να κάθονται στους εξωτερικούς χώρους, ενώ τα υπερυψωμένα παρτέρια του κήπου που είναι προσβάσιμα από άτομα σε αναπηρικά αμαξίδια βρίσκονται στους οικότροφους να ασχοληθούν με τον κήπο.

Ο εξωτερικός χώρος προςφέρει στους οικότροφους δυνατότητα επιλογών. Μπορούν να απολαύσουν ενεργά τον υπαίθριο χώρο ή απλά να περάσουν λίγο χρόνο μόνοι στους. Ο σχεδιασμός στους αυλής σημαίνει στους ότι οι εξωτερικοί χώροι είναι ορατοί από το εσωτερικό του κτηρίου, αυξάνοντας την αίσθηση σύνδεσης με το φυσικό περιβάλλον.

Μεγάλη ποικιλία κοινόχρηστων χώρων

Μια ποικιλία κοινόχρηστων χώρων διευκολύνει και βοηθάει στους επιλογές και τον τρόπο ζωής των οικότροφων. Στους βοηθάει στους να διατηρήσουν οικογενειακές και κοινωνικές σχέσεις.

Για παράδειγμα, όταν ολοκληρωθεί η κατασκευή του νέου γηροκομείου αξίας $81,58 εκατομμυρίων στην Wantirna το 2022, το γηροκομείο που περιλαμβάνει κοινόχρηστους χώρους πολλαπλών χρήσεων, καθώς και κοινόχρηστη αίθουσα, ιερό χώρο και καφετερία. Αυτό θα δώσει στους οικότροφους περισσότερες επιλογές, με πρόσβαση σε χώρους για κοινωνική συναναστροφή, δραστηριότητες ή χώρο για προσωπική γαλήνη και ησυχία.

ਸਾਰੇ ਵਿਕਟੋਰੀਆ ਵਿੱਚ, 100,000 ਲੋਕ ਮੂੜ੍ਹ-ਚਿੱਤਤਾ (ਡਮੈਂਸ਼ੀਆ) ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਜੀਵਨ ਬਸਰ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ – ਅਤੇ ਅਗਲੇ 20 ਸਾਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਹ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਲਗਭਗ ਦੁੱਗਣੀ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ।

ਜਨਤਕ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਰਿਹਾਇਸ਼ੀ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਲਈ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਨਿਭਾਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਜੋ:

• ਗੁੰਝਲਦਾਰ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਹਨ
• ਸਮਾਜਕ-ਆਰਥਿਕ ਗਰੀਬੀ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ
• ਓਥੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਹੋਰ ਕੋਈ ਵਿਕਲਪ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ।

ਇਹ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੁਤੰਤਰਤਾ, ਚੋਣ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਜ਼ਤ-ਮਾਣ ਨੂੰ ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਤ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਟੀਚਾ ਰੱਖਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਿਹਤ, ਤੰਦਰੁਸਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀ ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਸਕੇ।

ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਰਿਹਾਇਸ਼ੀ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਸੁਵਿਧਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਹਿ ਰਹੇ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਦਾ 52 ਪ੍ਰਤੀਸ਼ਤ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਮੂੜ੍ਹ-ਚਿੱਤਤਾ (ਡਮੈਂਸ਼ੀਆ) ਨਾਲ ਜੀਵਨ ਬਸਰ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਲੋਕ ਹਨ। ਜਨਤਕ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਰਿਹਾਇਸ਼ੀ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੇਖਭਾਲ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਹ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਮੂੜ੍ਹ-ਚਿੱਤਤਾ (ਡਮੈਂਸ਼ੀਆ)-ਅਨੁਕੂਲ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਵਾਲੇ, ਜਾਣੇ-ਪਛਾਣੇ, ਮਤਲਬ-ਭਰਪੂਰ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਆਲੇ-ਦੁਆਲੇ ਦੀ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਕਰਕੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੁਤੰਤਰਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਮੂਲੀਅਤ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਿਉਂਤਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। 

ਮੂੜ੍ਹ-ਚਿੱਤਤਾ (ਡਮੈਂਸ਼ੀਆ)-ਅਨੁਕੂਲ ਡਿਜ਼ਾਈਨ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਮਰਥਨ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਿੰਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਗਤੀਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ ਘੱਟ ਗਈ ਹੈ, ਸੰਵੇਦੀ ਹਾਨੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਕਈ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੀਆਂ ਗੁੰਝਲਦਾਰ ਸਿਹਤ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ ਹਨ। 

ਡਿਜ਼ਾਈਨ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਦੋਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਵਿਚਾਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਨਿਵੇਕਲੀਆਂ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਯੋਗਤਾਵਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਝਾਤ ਪਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਕਿ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਉਹ ਜਾਣ-ਪਛਾਣ ਅਤੇ ਸਬੰਧਾਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਮਕਸਦ ਦੀ ਭਾਵਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਬਣਾਈ ਰੱਖਦੇ ਹਨ। 

ਘਰ ਵਰਗਾ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਮੂੜ੍ਹ-ਚਿੱਤਤਾ (ਡਮੈਂਸ਼ੀਆ)-ਅਨੁਕੂਲ ਡਿਜ਼ਾਈਨ ਦੀ ਕੁੰਜੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਜਾਣ-ਪਛਾਣ ਅਤੇ ਆਰਾਮ ਨਾਲ ਚੋਣ ਕਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਤੰਤਰਤਾ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। 

ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਲਈ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਸੁਵਿਧਾ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ, ਘਰ ਵਰਗੇ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਦੀ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਰਣਨੀਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਡਿਜ਼ਾਈਨ ਕਰੋ, ਇਹਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ: 

• ਛੋਟਾ ਜਿਹਾ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਮਾਡਲ 
• ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੌਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਮਰੇ ਜਿੰਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ 
• ਬਾਹਰੀ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਆਸਾਨ ਪਹੁੰਚ 
• ਕਈ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੇ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਖੇਤਰ। 

ਰਿਚਰਡ ਬਲਾਈਟ ਬਲਾਈਟ, ਬਲਾਈਟ ਐਂਡ ਬਲਾਈਟ ਵਿਖੇ ਇੱਕ ਨਿਰਦੇਸ਼ਕ ਹੈ – ਜੋ ਕਿ ਆਰਕੀਟੈਕਚਰ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਕਰੈਸਵਿਕ ਨਰਸਿੰਗ ਹੋਮ ਵਿਖੇ 3.2 ਮਿਲੀਅਨ ਡਾਲਰ ਦੀ ਮੂੜ੍ਹ-ਚਿੱਤਤਾ (ਡਮੈਂਸ਼ੀਆ)-ਅਨੁਕੂਲ ਯੂਨਿਟ ਨੂੰ ਡਿਜ਼ਾਈਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। ਰਿਚਰਡ ਸਮਝਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਟੀਮ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਇਹ ਸਥਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਆਹਰੇ ਲੱਗਦੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਘਰ ਦਾ ਕੀ ਮਤਲਬ ਹੈ। 

ਛੋਟਾ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਮਾਡਲ 

ਸੇਂਟ ਜਾਰਜਜ਼ ਹਾਸਪੀਟਲ ਦੀ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਲਈ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਸੁਵਿਧਾ (ਬੇਰੇਂਗਾਰਾ) 55.57 ਮਿਲੀਅਨ ਡਾਲਰ ਨਾਲ ਦੋ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਤਿੰਨ-ਮੰਜ਼ਿਲਾ ਮਕਾਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ 90-ਬਿਸਤਰਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਮਿਲ ਕੇ ਬਣੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਉੱਚੀਆਂ ਛੱਤਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਟਾਂ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਘਰ ਵਰਗਾ ਅਹਿਸਾਸ ਪੈਦਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਸਕੇ। ਹਰੇਕ ਮੰਜ਼ਿਲ ਨੂੰ ਛੋਟੇ ਘਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੰਡਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਜਾਣੇ-ਪਛਾਣੇ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਦੀ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਤੁਰਨਾ-ਫਿਰਨਾ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਆਸਾਨ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਮੁੱਖ ਸੁਵਿਧਾਵਾਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਖਾਣੇ ਅਤੇ ਬੈਠਕਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਨੇੜੇ-ਤੇੜੇ ਹਨ – ਉਹਨਾਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਵੀ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰੀ ਕਰਕੇ ਲੰਬੀ ਦੂਰੀ ਦੀ ਯਾਤਰਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ। 

ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੌਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਮਰੇ 

ਵਿਅਕਤੀਗਤ ਸੌਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਮਰੇ ਅਤੇ ਗੁਸਲਖਾਨੇ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਵਿਚਲੇ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਜ਼ਤ-ਮਾਣ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਤੰਤਰਤਾ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਈਡਨਹੋਪ ਅਤੇ ਡਿਸਟ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਮੈਮੋਰੀਅਲ ਹਸਪਤਾਲ ਦੇ 6.3 ਮਿਲੀਅਨ ਡਾਲਰ ਦੇ ਪੁਨਰ-ਵਿਕਾਸ ਵਿੱਚ 18 ਨਿੱਜੀ ਕਮਰਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਲੱਗਦੇ ਗੁਸਲਖਾਨਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਉਸਾਰੀ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਨੇ ਮੌਜ਼ੂਦਾ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਕਮਰਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਲੈ ਲਈ, ਜੋ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਦੇਦਾਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਦੇ ਯੋਗ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। 

ਬਾਹਰੀ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਆਸਾਨ ਪਹੁੰਚ 

ਘਰ ਵਰਗੇ ਮਾਹੌਲ ਦੀ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਆਸਾਨ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਵਾਗਤਮਈ, ਆਕਰਸ਼ਕ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੈ। 

ਕਰੈਸਵਿਕ ਨਰਸਿੰਗ ਹੋਮ ਵਿਖੇ ਮੂੜ੍ਹ-ਚਿੱਤਤਾ (ਡਮੈਂਸ਼ੀਆ)-ਅਨੁਕੂਲ ਯੂਨਿਟ ਵਿਖੇ, ਕਮਰਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਵਿਹੜੇ ਦੇ ਗਿਰਦ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਕੀ ਦੀ ਸੁਵਿਧਾ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਖਰਾ ਬੰਦ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਤੰਤਰਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ ਘੁੰਮਣ-ਫਿਰਨ ਦੇ ਯੋਗ ਬਣਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਬਾਹਰਵਾਰ ਬੈਠਣ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਘਰੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਸਮਾਂ ਬਤੀਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਤ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਦਕਿ ਵੀਲ੍ਹਚੇਅਰ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਪਹੁੰਚਯੋਗ ਬਗੀਚੇ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਗੀਚੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਉਣ ਦੇ ਯੋਗ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। 

ਬਾਹਰਵਾਰ ਜਗ੍ਹਾ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਚੋਣ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰਵਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਉਹ ਸਰਗਰਮੀ ਨਾਲ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਜਗ੍ਹਾ ਦਾ ਮਜ਼ਾ ਲੈ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਾਂ ਬੱਸ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨਾਲ ਸਮਾਂ ਬਤੀਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ। ਵਿਹੜੇ ਦੇ ਡਿਜ਼ਾਈਨ ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਅੰਦਰ ਤੋਂ ਵਿਖਾਈ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧ ਦੀ ਭਾਵਨਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਾਧਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। 

ਕਈ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੇ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਖੇਤਰ

ਕਈ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਚੋਣ ਅਤੇ ਜੀਵਨਸ਼ੈਲੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਕਲਪਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਵਿਧਾਜਨਕ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਈਚਾਰੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਬੰਧਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਣਾਈ ਰੱਖਣ ਲਈ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਮਰਥਨ ਵੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਉਦਾਹਰਣ ਲਈ, ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰ ਜਦ 2022 ਵਿੱਚ 81.58 ਮਿਲੀਅਨ ਡਾਲਰ ਦੀ ਨਵੀਂ ਵੰਟਰਨਾ ਰਿਹਾਇਸ਼ੀ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਲਈ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਸੁਵਿਧਾ ਦੀ ਉਸਾਰੀ ਪੂਰੀ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਸੁਵਿਧਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁ-ਮਕਸਦੀ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਖੇਤਰ, ਅਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਭਾਈਚਾਰਕ ਕਮਰਾ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਜਗ੍ਹਾ ਅਤੇ ਕੈਫੇ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੋਣਗੇ। ਇਹ ਵਸਨੀਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਵਿਕਲਪ ਦੇਵੇਗਾ, ਜਿੱਥੇ ਸਮਾਜੀਕਰਨ, ਗਤੀਵਿਧੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਇਕੱਲਿਆਂ ਸ਼ਾਂਤ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।

Trên khắp Victoria, hiện có 100.000 người đang sống với chứng suy giảm trí nhớ – và con số này được dự đoán sẽ tăng gần gấp đôi trong 20 năm tới.

Các dịch vụ chăm sóc người cao niên nội trú trong lĩnh vực công cộng đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc hỗ trợ những người:

• có nhu cầu hỗ trợ phức tạp
• đang gặp bất lợi về kinh tế, xã hội
• sống ở nơi không còn lựa chọn nào khác.

Các dịch vụ này nhằm mục đích thúc đẩy khả năng tự lập, lựa chọn và tự tin để hỗ trợ sức khoẻ, an sinh và chất lượng cuộc sống cho họ.

Những người đang sống với chứng suy giảm trí nhớ chiếm 52 phần trăm số cư dân tại tất cả các cơ sở chăm sóc người cao niên nội trú. Con số này thậm chí còn cao hơn tại các dịch vụ chăm sóc người cao niên nội trú trong lĩnh vực công cộng.

Các môi trường phù hợp chứng suy giảm trí nhớ được thiết kế để tối đa hoá khả năng tự lập và tham gia của mọi người bằng cách tạo ra môi trường xung quanh mang tính hỗ trợ, quen thuộc, có ý nghĩa và an toàn.  

Thiết kế phù hợp chứng suy giảm trí nhớ hỗ trợ người bị giảm khả năng đi lại, mất cảm giác và nhiều tình trạng sức khoẻ phức tạp khác nhau. 

Thiết kế cân nhắc cẩn thận cả môi trường thể chất và giao tiếp xã hội. Nó xem xét nhu cầu và khả năng đặc thù của mọi người, và cách họ duy trì ý thức về mục đích thông qua sự quen thuộc và kết nối. 

Môi trường giống ở nhà là vấn đề then chốt đối với thiết kế phù hợp chứng suy giảm trí nhớ. Các môi trường này cho khả năng lựa chọn và tự lập với sự quen thuộc và thoải mái.

Khi xây dựng một cơ sở chăm sóc người cao niên, các chiến lược thiết kế để tạo một môi trường giống ở nhà bao gồm:

• một mô hình hộ gia đình nhỏ
• các phòng ngủ riêng tư có thể điều chỉnh theo ý riêng
• dễ tiếp cận các khu vực ngoài trời
• nhiều khu vực sinh hoạt chung đa dạng

Richard Blight là Giám đốc của Blight, Blight & Blight – công ty kiến trúc sư đã thiết kế khu nhà phù hợp chứng suy giảm trí nhớ trị giá 3,2 triệu đô-la tại Nhà Dưỡng Lão Creswick. Richard giải thích cách nhóm của anh tham khảo ý kiến cư dân để biết được ý nghĩa của ngôi nhà đối với họ.

Mô hình hộ gia đình nhỏ 

Cơ sở chăm sóc người cao niên của Bệnh viện St George trị giá 55,57 triệu đô-la (Berengarra) bao gồm 90 giường ở  hai khu nhà ba tầng lầu riêng biệt, có mái dốc và làm bằng gạch để tạo cảm giác giống như ở nhà. Mỗi tầng lầu được chia thành những hộ gia đình nhỏ, tạo một môi trường quen thuộc, dễ dàng đi lại hơn. Các tiện nghi chủ yếu như khu vực ăn uống và sinh hoạt đều gần nhau – cũng giúp được những người không thể đi xa vì yếu. 

Phòng ngủ riêng 

Phòng ngủ và phòng tắm riêng cung cấp phẩm cách và khả năng tự lập cho cư dân ở cơ sở chăm sóc người cao niên. Bệnh viện Edenhope & District Memorial mới được tái thiết với số vốn 6,3 triệu đô-la bao gồm việc xây dựng 18 phòng riêng và phòng tắm liền kề. Nơi này thay cho các phòng chung hiện có, cho phép cư dân có được sự riêng tư. 

Dễ tiếp cận các khu vực ngoài trời 

Dễ tiếp cận các khu vực ngoài trời là điều quan trọng khi tạo lập môi trường giống như ở nhà. Các khu vực này cần phải nồng nhiệt, hấp dẫn và an toàn. 

Tại căn hộ phù hợp chứng suy giảm trí nhớ ở Nhà Dưỡng Lão Creswick, các phòng quây quần xung quanh một sân nhỏ ở giữa có thể được đóng kín với phần còn lại của cơ sở.  Điều này cho phép cư dân đi lại thoải mái và an toàn. Hai khu vực ghế ngồi ngoài trời khuyến khích cư dân dành thời gian ngoài trời, trong khi những mảnh vườn được nâng cao để tiện cho xe lăn đi lại cho phép cư dân có thể làm vườn. 

Không gian ngoài trời cung cấp cho cư dân sự lựa chọn. Họ có thể hưởng thụ không gian ngoài trời một cách năng động, hay chỉ đơn giản được ở một mình. Thiết kế sân cũng có nghĩa là các khu vực ngoài trời có thể nhìn thấy từ bên trong nhà, tăng cảm giác kết nối với môi trường thiên nhiên. 

Nhiều khu vực sinh hoạt chung đa dạng

Nhiều khu vực sinh hoạt chung đa dạng tạo điều kiện cho việc lựa chọn và các lựa chọn về nếp sống cho cư dân. Nó cũng hỗ trợ cư dân duy trì mối liên hệ với gia đình và cộng đồng.

Ví dụ, một khi việc xây dựng cơ sở chăm sóc người cao niên nội trú mới ở Wantirna với kinh phí 81,58 triệu đô la được hoàn thành vào năm 2022, cơ sở này sẽ bao gồm các khu sinh hoạt chung đa năng, cũng như một phòng cộng đồng, khu linh thiêng và tiệm cà phê. Điều này sẽ cho cư dân nhiều lựa chọn hơn, tiếp cận được các khu vực dành cho việc giao lưu, làm các hoạt động hay để được yên tĩnh một mình.

维州各地有10万名与失智症共存的人 – 20年后预计人数几乎要翻倍。

公立养老院所为支持以下人士扮演一个重要角色：

• 他们有复杂的支持需要
• 他们正处于社会经济劣势
• 他们没有其它住房选择。

这些院所致力于维护住户的独立、选择和尊严，支持他们的健康、福利和生活品质。

与失智症共存的人占所有养老院所住户的52%。在公立养老院所里这个比例更高。

失智症友好环境的设计是通过创造合意、熟悉、有意义和安全的环境来尽可能促进住户的独立和参与。

失智症友好设计支持那些行动不便、感觉衰退而且有各种复杂健康问题的人士。

设计体现了对物质环境和社会环境的仔细考量。它考虑到人们独特的需求和能力，以及他们如何通过熟悉感和关联来维持人生的意义。

家一样的环境是失智症友好设计的关键，这意味着住户有选择和独立，又不乏亲近感和舒适感。 

在建造养老院时，创造家一样的环境的设计方法包括： 

• 小户型模式 
• 可以个性化的私人睡房 
• 去户外的便利通道 
• 各种不同的公用区。 

Richard Blight是Blight, Blight & Blight建筑设计公司的董事，320万澳元的Creswick养老院失智症友好部便由该公司设计。Richard介绍了他们团队如何与住户进行接触，以确定家对他们的含义。 

已完工的5557万澳元的圣乔治医院养老院（Berengarra）由两栋分开的三层楼房子、90个床位组成，倾斜的屋顶和砖结构带来了家一样的感觉。每一层分成多个小户，创造出一个熟悉的、很容易掌握方向的环境。就餐区和客厅等主要设施就在附近 – 还方便了那些因虚弱无法走远路的人。

私人睡房

个人睡房和卫生间为养老院里的住户维护尊严和独立。630万澳元的Edenhope和地区纪念医院改造项目包括建18个私人房间和套房，这替换了现有的共用房间，有利于维护住户的隐私。

去户外的便利通道

在创造一个家一样的环境时去户外的便利通道很重要。这些地方需要热情友好、吸引人而且安全。

Creswick养老院失智症友好部的各个房间环绕在一个中心庭院的四周，庭院可以和其它设施隔开，这让住户可以自由地、安全地循环。户外两个地方有座椅，鼓励住户去户外，抬高的园圃方便用轮椅的住户做园艺。

户外空间为住户提供选择。他们可以在户外活动，或只是自己去户外呆一会。这种庭院设计让人可以从房间里可以看到户外的地方，增加与自然环境的关联感。

各种不同的公用区 

各种不同的公用区为住户提供了选择和追求不同生活方式的可能，并且支持他们与家人和社区保持联系。 

比如，8158万澳元的Wantirna养老院在2022年竣工后将包括多个多功能公用区、社区活动室、祷告空间和咖啡厅。这将给住户更多选择，有机会去这些地方社交、活动或安静地呆一会。 

We are shifting towards fully electric hospitals. What does fully electric mean?

‘All-electric hospitals are buildings that don’t use any gas for their heating or sterilisation equipment, meaning they are powered entirely by electricity. Where possible to do so, moving to all-electric buildings would support the 2050 net zero carbon target, although it will take some steps to get there.

The adoption of all-electric healthcare facilities presents the opportunity to reduce the emissions profile of public hospitals when the Victorian Government procures renewable electricity for government operations beginning in 2025.

A positive step towards this target is the Victorian Government’s more than $900 million investment to deliver the new Melton Hospital which will hold the mantle as the state’s first hospital to be powered by 100 per cent renewable energy.’ 

How is this good for the environment?

‘While we can’t get around the fact hospitals will always use a lot of resources and generate large volumes of waste, there are design solutions available to help us create a more environmentally sustainable health system.

When we design our hospitals and healthcare buildings to be more environmentally sustainable, the benefits aren’t just to the environment. Sustainable design may lower environmental impacts and operating costs, but it also goes further by creating healthier, healing environments for patients, visitors and staff.

Another benefit of a no emissions health care facility is reduced air pollution. The energy used does not create air emissions and that means less air pollution, a great win.’

How are green facilities good for patients, visitors and staff?

‘People's surrounds help them recover faster which is better for their wellbeing and the people caring for them. A healthy building doesn’t need as much energy, meaning patients recover faster, placing less strain on the health system by not having people in hospital for as long.

We're doing this by using cleaner products internally, such as softer palettes and natural timber finishes, and features such as double-glazed windows assist with temperature control. Looking at nature and greenery makes people feel better, so we have also introduced indoor and outdoor sensory gardens into our facilities.’

How have we traditionally used electricity in hospitals we have built?

‘Hospitals and health care facilities traditionally use a mix of electricity and natural gas for heating, cooling and delivery of health outcomes. Both sources of energy have emissions associated with their use that contribute to climate change.

Making a switch to all-electric hospitals and health facilities will reduce emissions once the renewable electricity contract (supply) begins in 2025.’

In the meantime, how can we make hospitals and healthcare facilities more energy-efficient?

‘A great way to make hospitals more energy-efficient is to harness energy from the sun. Solar panels can help lower energy bills and cut greenhouse gas emissions, making the running of public hospitals greener.

The Victorian Health Building Authority has committed to a target of delivering five per cent of the public health system’s electricity from solar energy. We’re achieving this by installing large collections of solar panels on top of hospital roofs, known as solar arrays.

In addition, for all new hospitals being built in Victoria, 60 per cent of the roof space is being designed for solar panels. This involves several design considerations including roof spaces that face the right direction for maximum exposure to the sun.’

Learn more about our sustainability projects via our dedicated page.

Modular construction involves manufacturing buildings offsite in a factory under controlled conditions. The buildings are made up of 3D components or ‘modules’, which are then transported to a site and assembled.

The modules are lifted into place by crane and then bolted to the ground using steel footings. These ensure the building remains level.

Final work is then undertaken on-site including connecting services, concealing joints between modules on the interior and exterior, and final finishings.

Modular buildings are built to contemporary standards and can be designed with all the same details as a conventional build. Once constructed, you wouldn’t know you were in a modular building.

Modular buildings are customisable, meaning they don’t all have to look the same. However, the structural components – such as walls, floors and roofs – can be standardised, which makes the manufacturing process more efficient and can make it easier to do repeat builds.

While modular construction offers advantages to all sectors, the speed and repeatability offered make it particularly well-suited to the healthcare sector in operating hospital environments.

The sooner a healthcare facility is built, the sooner it can start treating patients. But there also needs to be consideration for cost and quality. So what makes modular construction a well-suited option for the healthcare sector?

There are a number of advantages. In a nutshell, they are:

Reduced cost

Depending on the requirements, modular buildings can be less costly to build. Because they are constructed in a factory environment, any defects can be caught and corrected as they come up without affecting other areas of the project. The factory environment also means costly delays due to bad weather can be avoided.

Modular construction won’t always save money, however. A lot will depend on the project’s unique requirements.

Fast project timelines

Modular construction can considerably cut down on the time needed to build a healthcare facility, which can mean more patients can be admitted and treated faster. The factory environment helps avoid weather delays in the manufacturing stage, and buildings can be constructed while other works are occurring on the site.

Quality

Modular buildings are constructed under the same codes and regulations as traditional builds. Once assembled, they are indistinguishable from a traditional build. 

Unlike traditional builds, modular buildings are made in a factory where the materials are protected from the weather – a common cause of issues in traditional builds. 

Less disruption to hospital operations

As modular buildings are constructed offsite in a factory, noise and disruption to hospital operations, staff and patients is minimised.

The onsite workforce is reduced, as are the daily traffic impacts. This means healthcare professionals can get on with the job of providing care with minimal disruption.

Good for the environment

Modular construction is a sustainable way to build. As modules are made inside a factory, waste can be prevented because there is better control of the conditions.

Modular construction also involves less energy consumption, which in the long run means less carbon emissions.

And while modular buildings can be designed as site-specific, permanent buildings, there are ways to engineer them for relocation. This means less waste, because buildings can be re-used when they’re not needed instead of being knocked down and going into landfill. It also means less raw materials and energy are spent on a new building.

To bring a modular building to life, architects and designers apply the same design skills they’d use on a traditional build. However, there are some key points that designers must consider.

What design factors are important?

It’s important to make sure modular construction is the right choice for a project. The best time to decide this is in the early stages of planning. Factors to consider include:

• Repeatable elements: Is the proposed facility made up of enough repeatable elements that can be standardised to reduce cost? Or, will the project require a lot of uniquely sized and varied modules to accommodate the proposed activities?
   
• Location: Does the location allow for large modules to be delivered to the site and safely craned into place? On a crowded hospital campus, for instance, is there enough space for a crane to lift modules into a multi-storey structure without interrupting the running of the hospital?
   
• Fitting the modules together: Designers will face different structural constraints to those they traditionally work with. For example, modular construction increases the width of the spacing between the internal faces of the walls of adjacent rooms in different modules. It’s important that they are designed to fit together neatly. However, that extra gap can also be of great benefit when designing a building where noise reduction is needed. Beginning design work with these things in mind can reduce time and challenges. It helps with converting designs based on traditional construction into drawings from which modules can be manufactured.

Co-design

A significant advantage for healthcare patients is how well modular construction supports the co-design process. 

Co-design means involving people with lived experience in the design process, so that the results of the design meet their needs.

A module that will be produced in large numbers, such as a patient bedroom and ensuite, can be built with all its fixtures and finishes and then tested by patients, carers and staff. This helps them understand the scale of a space, how it sounds and what it feels like.

The regional alcohol and drug residential rehabilitation program

In late 2021, we delivered three state-of-the-art residential rehabilitation facilities in regional Victoria.

The three facilities, in Corio, Traralgon and Wangaratta, were the first of their kind in the health infrastructure space to be delivered using full modular construction.

In just 10 months, we were able to add 80 beds to Victoria’s drug and alcohol rehabilitation service network – which will support 900 Victorians experiencing addiction, annually.

Learn more about the Regional alcohol and drug residential rehabilitation program via our dedicated program page.

Mental Health Beds Expansion Program

We’re delivering 120 new acute public mental health beds to urgently respond to recommendations from the Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental Health System.

The new beds are located at:

• Northern Hospital in Epping (30 beds)
• The McKellar Centre in North Geelong (16 beds)
• Sunshine Hospital in St Albans (52 beds)
• The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville (22 beds).  

The facilities at Northern Hospital, Sunshine Hospital and The McKellar Centre are each using modular construction. Across the three sites, we’re building very different modular buildings, each with their own characteristics and challenges.

By using modular construction, together with Lendlease Building as the Managing Contractor we were able to install 137 modules at the McKellar Centre in eight weeks. 

The first stage of the Northern Hospital, on top of a two-storey carpark and involving 127 modules, was completed in just five weeks.

The 16-bed facility at The McKellar Centre is on track to be completed in mid-2022 – a timeframe of 11 months from commencement onsite to project completion. 

The beds at Northern Hospital and Sunshine Hospital are also expected to reach practical completion in late 2022 and early 2023 respectively. 

The Mental Health Expansion Program won the Infrastructure (Planning and Design) Award at the 2021 IAP2 Australasia Core Values Awards, and the Excellence in Community Engagement Award at the 2021 Urban Developer Awards. 

The McKellar Centre facility was Highly Commended in the Service Design Award category at the 2021 Victorian Premier’s Design Awards. 

Learn more about the Mental Health Beds Expansion Program via our dedicated program page.